Comparison of Activation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Native Speakers of Mandarin by Ability of Japanese as a Second Language Using a Novel Speaking Task

Evidence shows that second language (L2) learning affects cognitive function. Here in this work, we compared brain activation native speakers of Mandarin (L1) who speak Japanese between and within two groups (high low L2 ability) to determine the effect ability L1 speaking tasks, map regions involved both tasks. The during task performance was determined using prefrontal cortex blood flow as a proxy, measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). People with showed much more when than L1. high high-level either or Almost same observed L2. level people suggested strong inhibition non-spoken language. A wider area is considered be attributed load code-switching